The outdoor and indoor units are connected by lines that circulate refrigerant. Inside, wall- or floor-mounted units blow cool air directly into the room.
Ductless systems are super efficient and let you control the temperature in different rooms.
Get a professional inspection every year. In between, clean the indoor units’ air filters every 1-3 months. While you’re at it, check the drain lines for leaks. Remove debris from the outdoor unit twice a year.